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“K.21”的版本间差异
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==ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series== | ==ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series== | ||
K.1 | * K.1[Withdrawn] Connection to earth of an audio-frequency telephone line in cable Deleted after its content became technically out of date | ||
[Withdrawn] Connection to earth of an audio-frequency telephone line in cable | * K.2[Withdrawn] Protection of repeater power-feeding systems against interference from neighbouring electricity lines Deleted after its content became technically out of date | ||
Deleted after its content became technically out of date | * K.3 [Withdrawn] Interference caused by audio-frequency signals injected into a power distribution network Deleted after its content became technically out of date | ||
K.2 | * K.4 [Withdrawn] Disturbance to signalling Deleted after its content became technically out of date | ||
[Withdrawn] Protection of repeater power-feeding systems against interference from neighbouring electricity lines | * K.5 Joint use of poles for electricity distribution and for telecommunications | ||
Deleted after its content became technically out of date | * K.6 Precautions at crossings | ||
K.3 | * K.7 Protection against acoustic shock | ||
[Withdrawn] Interference caused by audio-frequency signals injected into a power distribution network | * K.8 Separation in the soil between telecommunication cables and earthing system of power facilities | ||
Deleted after its content became technically out of date | * K.9 Protection of telecommunication staff and plant against a large earth potential due to a neighbouring electric traction line | ||
K.4 | * K.10 Low frequency interference due to unbalance about earth of telecommunication equipment | ||
[Withdrawn] Disturbance to signalling | * K.11 Principles of protection against overvoltages and overcurrents | ||
Deleted after its content became technically out of date | * K.12 Characteristics of gas discharge tubes for the protection of telecommunications installations | ||
K.5 | * K.13 Induced voltages in cables with plastic-insulated conductors | ||
Joint use of poles for electricity distribution and for telecommunications | * K.14 Provision of a metallic screen in plastic-sheathed cables | ||
K.6 | * K.15 [Withdrawn] Protection of remote-feeding systems and line repeaters against lightning and interference from neighbouring electricity lines | ||
Precautions at crossings | * K.16 [Withdrawn] Simplified calculation method for estimating the effect of magnetic induction from power lines on remote-fed repeaters in coaxial pair telecommunication systems Rec. K.16 was withdrawn because it deals only with calculation methods contained in the "Directives - Volume II: Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases" without giving any limit | ||
K.7 | * K.17 [Withdrawn] Tests on power-fed repeaters using solid-state devices in order to check the arrangements for protection from external interference | ||
Protection against acoustic shock | * K.18 Calculation of voltage induced into telecommunication lines from radio station broadcasts and methods of reducing interference | ||
K.8 | * K.19 Joint use of trenches and tunnels for telecommunication and power cables | ||
Separation in the soil between telecommunication cables and earthing system of power facilities | * K.20 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a telecommunication centre to overvoltages and overcurrents | ||
K.9 | * K.21 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents | ||
Protection of telecommunication staff and plant against a large earth potential due to a neighbouring electric traction line | * K.22 [Withdrawn] Overvoltage resistibility of equipment connected to an ISDN T/S bus | ||
K.10 | * K.23 Types of induced noise and description of noise voltage parameters for ISDN basic user networks | ||
Low frequency interference due to unbalance about earth of telecommunication equipment | * K.24 Method for measuring radio-frequency induced noise on telecommunications pairs | ||
K.11 | * K.25 [Withdrawn] Protection of optical fibre cables This Recommendation was deleted on 2013-01-25 since its requirements have been incoroporated in revised Rec ITU-T K.47 (05/2012) | ||
Principles of protection against overvoltages and overcurrents | * K.26 Protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines | ||
K.12 | * K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building | ||
Characteristics of gas discharge tubes for the protection of telecommunications installations | * K.28 Parameters of thyristor-based surge protective devices for the protection of telecommunication installations | ||
K.13 | * K.29 Coordinated protection schemes for telecommunication cables below ground | ||
Induced voltages in cables with plastic-insulated conductors | * K.30 [Withdrawn] Self-restoring overcurrent protectors | ||
K.14 | * K.31 [Withdrawn] Bonding configurations and earthing of telecommunication installations inside a subscriber's building | ||
Provision of a metallic screen in plastic-sheathed cables | * ITU-T K.31 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant part of this Recommendation in ITU-T K.73 (2008) | ||
K.15 | * K.32 [Withdrawn] Immunity requirements and test methods for electrostatic discharge to telecommunication equipment - Generic EMC Recommendation | ||
[Withdrawn] Protection of remote-feeding systems and line repeaters against lightning and interference from neighbouring electricity lines | * The content of this Recommendation has been superseded by ITU-T K.43 (1998) and K.48 (2000) | ||
K.16 | * K.33 [Withdrawn] Limits for people safety related to coupling into telecommunications system from a.c. electric power and a.c. electrified railway installations in fault conditions ITU-T K.33 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant information contained in this Recommendation into the revised the Directives Volume VI (2008) | ||
[Withdrawn] Simplified calculation method for estimating the effect of magnetic induction from power lines on remote-fed repeaters in coaxial pair telecommunication systems | * K.34 Classification of electromagnetic environmental conditions for telecommunication equipment - Basic EMC Recommendation | ||
Rec. K.16 was withdrawn because it deals only with calculation methods contained in the "Directives - Volume II: Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases" without giving any limit | * K.35 Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites | ||
K.17 | * K.36 Selection of protective devices | ||
[Withdrawn] Tests on power-fed repeaters using solid-state devices in order to check the arrangements for protection from external interference | * K.37 Low and high frequency EMC mitigation techniques for telecommunication installations and systems - Basic EMC Recommendation | ||
K.18 | * K.38 Radiated emission test procedure for physically large systems | ||
Calculation of voltage induced into telecommunication lines from radio station broadcasts and methods of reducing interference | * K.39 Risk assessment of damages to telecommunication sites due to lightning discharges | ||
K.19 | * K.40 Protection against LEMP in telecommunications centres | ||
Joint use of trenches and tunnels for telecommunication and power cables | * K.41 [Withdrawn] Resistibility of internal interfaces of telecommunication centres to surge overvoltages | ||
K.20 | * K.42 Preparation of emission and immunity requirements for telecommunication equipment - General principles | ||
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a telecommunication centre to overvoltages and overcurrents | * K.43 Immunity requirements for telecommunication network equipment | ||
K.21 | * K.44 Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents - Basic Recommendation | ||
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents | * K.Imp44 Implementors' Guide for Recommendation ITU-T K.44 | ||
K.22 | * K.45 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the access and trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents | ||
[Withdrawn] Overvoltage resistibility of equipment connected to an ISDN T/S bus | * K.46 Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic symmetric conductors against lightning-induced surges | ||
K.23 | * K.47 Protection of telecommunication lines against direct lightning flashes | ||
Types of induced noise and description of noise voltage parameters for ISDN basic user networks | * K.48 EMC requirements for telecommunication equipment - Product family Recommendation | ||
K.24 | * K.49 Test requirements and performance criteria for voice terminal telephones subject to disturbance from digital mobile telecommunications systems | ||
Method for measuring radio-frequency induced noise on telecommunications pairs | * K.50 Safe limits of operating voltages and currents for telecommunication systems powered over the network | ||
K.25 | * K.51 Safety criteria for telecommunication equipment | ||
[Withdrawn] Protection of optical fibre cables | * K.52 Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields | ||
This Recommendation was deleted on 2013-01-25 since its requirements have been incoroporated in revised Rec ITU-T K.47 (05/2012) | * K.53[Withdrawn] Values of induced voltages on telecommunication installations to establish telecom and a.c. power and railway operators responsibilities ITU-T K.53 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant information of this Recommendation in ITU-T K.68 (2008) | ||
K.26 | * K.54 Conducted immunity test method and level at fundamental power frequencies | ||
Protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines | * El título español fue cambiado por un erratum el 09/08/2002 | ||
K.27 | * K.55 Overvoltage and overcurrent requirements for insulation displacement connectors (IDC) terminations | ||
Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building | * K.56 Protection of radio base stations against lightning discharges | ||
K.28 | * K.57 Protection measures for radio base stations sited on power line towers | ||
Parameters of thyristor-based surge protective devices for the protection of telecommunication installations | * K.58 EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and guidance for determining responsibility under co-located information and communication technology installations | ||
K.29 | * K.59 EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and procedures for connection to unbundled cables | ||
Coordinated protection schemes for telecommunication cables below ground | * K.60 Emission levels and test methods for wireline telecommunication networks to minimize electromagnetic disturbance of radio services | ||
K.30 | * K.61 Guidance on measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations | ||
[Withdrawn] Self-restoring overcurrent protectors | * K.62 System level radiated emissions compliance using mathematical modelling | ||
K.31 | * K.63 Maintaining the suitability of production telecommunications equipment to its intended electromagnetic environment | ||
[Withdrawn] Bonding configurations and earthing of telecommunication installations inside a subscriber's building | * K.64 Safe working practices for outside equipment installed in particular environments | ||
ITU-T K.31 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant part of this Recommendation in ITU-T K.73 (2008) | * K.65 Overvoltage and overcurrent requirements for termination modules with contacts for test ports or surge protective devices | ||
K.32 | * K.66 Protection of customer premises from overvoltages | ||
[Withdrawn] Immunity requirements and test methods for electrostatic discharge to telecommunication equipment - Generic EMC Recommendation | * K.67 Expected surges on telecommunications and signalling networks due to lightning | ||
The content of this Recommendation has been superseded by ITU-T K.43 (1998) and K.48 (2000) | * K.68 Operator responsibilities in the management of electromagnetic interference by power systems on telecommunication systems | ||
K.33 | * K.69 Maintenance of protective measures | ||
[Withdrawn] Limits for people safety related to coupling into telecommunications system from a.c. electric power and a.c. electrified railway installations in fault conditions | * K.70 Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations | ||
ITU-T K.33 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant information contained in this Recommendation into the revised the Directives Volume VI (2008) | * K.71 Protection of customer antenna installations | ||
K.34 | * K.72 Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic conductors against lightning - Risk management | ||
Classification of electromagnetic environmental conditions for telecommunication equipment - Basic EMC Recommendation | * K.73 Shielding and bonding for cables between buildings | ||
K.35 | * K.74 Electromagnetic compatibility, resistibility and safety requirements for home network devices | ||
Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites | * K.75 Classification of interface for application of standards on resistibility and safety of telecommunication equipment | ||
K.36 | * K.76 EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (9 kHz-150 kHz) | ||
Selection of protective devices | * K.77 Characteristics of metal oxide varistors for the protection of telecommunication installations | ||
K.37 | * K.78 High altitude electromagnetic pulse immunity guide for telecommunication centres | ||
Low and high frequency EMC mitigation techniques for telecommunication installations and systems - Basic EMC Recommendation | * K.79 Electromagnetic characterization of the radiated environment in the 2.4 GHz ISM band | ||
K.38 | * K.80 EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (1 GHz - 6 GHz) | ||
Radiated emission test procedure for physically large systems | * K.81 High-power electromagnetic immunity guide for telecommunication systems | ||
K.39 | * K.82 Characteristics and ratings of solid-state, self-restoring overcurrent protectors for the protection of telecommunications installations | ||
Risk assessment of damages to telecommunication sites due to lightning discharges | * K.83 Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels | ||
K.40 | * K.84 Test methods and guide against information leaks through unintentional electromagnetic emissions | ||
Protection against LEMP in telecommunications centres | * K.85 Requirements for the mitigation of lightning effects on home networks installed in customer premises | ||
K.41 | * K.86 Method for measuring longitudinal conversion loss (9 kHz - 30 MHz) | ||
[Withdrawn] Resistibility of internal interfaces of telecommunication centres to surge overvoltages | * K.87 Guide for the application of electromagnetic security requirements - Overview | ||
K.42 | * K.88 EMC requirements for next generation network equipment | ||
Preparation of emission and immunity requirements for telecommunication equipment - General principles | * K.89 Protection of persons inside a structure using telecommunication services provided by metallic conductors against lightning - Risk management | ||
K.43 | * K.90 Evaluation techniques and working procedures for compliance with exposure limits of network operator personnel to power-frequency electromagnetic fields | ||
Immunity requirements for telecommunication network equipment | * K.91 Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields | ||
K.44 | * K.92 Conducted and radiated electromagnetic environment in home networking | ||
Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents - Basic Recommendation | * K.93 Immunity of home network devices to electromagnetic disturbances | ||
K.Imp44 | * K.94 Mutual disturbance test method for evaluating performance degradation of converged terminal devices | ||
Implementors' Guide for Recommendation ITU-T K.44 | * K.95 Surge parameters of isolating transformers used in telecommunication devices and equipment | ||
K.45 | * K.96 Surge protective components: Overview of surge mitigation functions and technologies | ||
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the access and trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents | * K.97 Lightning protection of distributed base stations | ||
K.46 | * K.98 Overvoltage protection guide for telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises | ||
Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic symmetric conductors against lightning-induced surges | * K.99 Surge protective component application guide - Gas discharge tubes | ||
K.47 | * K.100 Measurement of radio frequency electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service | ||
Protection of telecommunication lines against direct lightning flashes | * K.101 Shielding factors for lightning protection | ||
K.48 | * K.102 Parameters of fixed-voltage thyristor overvoltage protector components used for the protection of telecommunication installations | ||
EMC requirements for telecommunication equipment - Product family Recommendation | * K.103 Surge protective component application guide - Silicon PN junction components | ||
K.49 | * K.104 Method for identifying the transfer potential of the earth potential rise from high or medium voltage networks to the earthing system or neutral of low voltage networks | ||
Test requirements and performance criteria for voice terminal telephones subject to disturbance from digital mobile telecommunications systems | * K.105 Lightning protection of photovoltaic power supply systems feeding radio base stations | ||
K.50 | * K.106 Techniques to mitigate interference between radio devices and cable or equipment connected to wired broadband networks and cable television networks | ||
Safe limits of operating voltages and currents for telecommunication systems powered over the network | * K.107 Method for determining the impedance to earth of earthing systems | ||
K.51 | * K.108 Joint use of poles by telecommunication and solidly earthed power lines | ||
Safety criteria for telecommunication equipment | * K.109 Installation of telecommunication equipment on utility poles | ||
K.52 | * K.110 Lightning protection of the dedicated transformer for radio base station | ||
Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields | * K.111 Protection of surrounding structures of telecommunication towers against lightning | ||
K.53 | * K.112 Lightning protection, earthing and bonding: practical procedures for radio base station | ||
[Withdrawn] Values of induced voltages on telecommunication installations to establish telecom and a.c. power and railway operators responsibilities | * K.113 Generation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) level maps | ||
ITU-T K.53 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant information of this Recommendation in ITU-T K.68 (2008) | * K.114 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements and measurement methods for digital cellular mobile communication base station equipment | ||
K.54 | * K.115 Mitigation methods against electromagnetic security threats | ||
Conducted immunity test method and level at fundamental power frequencies | * K.116 EMC requirements and test methods for radio telecommunication terminal equipment | ||
El título español fue cambiado por un erratum el 09/08/2002 | * K.Sup1 ITU-T K.91 - Guide on electromagnetic fields and health | ||
K.55 | * K.Sup2 ITU-T K.52 - Calculator for equivalent isotropic radiated power as described in Recommendation ITU-T K.52 | ||
Overvoltage and overcurrent requirements for insulation displacement connectors (IDC) terminations | * K.Sup3 Additional criteria to protect telecommunication cabling during a power cross event | ||
K.56 | * K.Sup4 Electromagnetic field (EMF) considerations in smart sustainable cities | ||
Protection of radio base stations against lightning discharges | |||
K.57 | |||
Protection measures for radio base stations sited on power line towers | |||
K.58 | |||
EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and guidance for determining responsibility under co-located information and communication technology installations | |||
K.59 | |||
EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and procedures for connection to unbundled cables | |||
K.60 | |||
Emission levels and test methods for wireline telecommunication networks to minimize electromagnetic disturbance of radio services | |||
K.61 | |||
Guidance on measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations | |||
K.62 | |||
System level radiated emissions compliance using mathematical modelling | |||
K.63 | |||
Maintaining the suitability of production telecommunications equipment to its intended electromagnetic environment | |||
K.64 | |||
Safe working practices for outside equipment installed in particular environments | |||
K.65 | |||
Overvoltage and overcurrent requirements for termination modules with contacts for test ports or surge protective devices | |||
K.66 | |||
Protection of customer premises from overvoltages | |||
K.67 | |||
Expected surges on telecommunications and signalling networks due to lightning | |||
K.68 | |||
Operator responsibilities in the management of electromagnetic interference by power systems on telecommunication systems | |||
K.69 | |||
Maintenance of protective measures | |||
K.70 | |||
Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations | |||
K.71 | |||
Protection of customer antenna installations | |||
K.72 | |||
Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic conductors against lightning - Risk management | |||
K.73 | |||
Shielding and bonding for cables between buildings | |||
K.74 | |||
Electromagnetic compatibility, resistibility and safety requirements for home network devices | |||
K.75 | |||
Classification of interface for application of standards on resistibility and safety of telecommunication equipment | |||
K.76 | |||
EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (9 kHz-150 kHz) | |||
K.77 | |||
Characteristics of metal oxide varistors for the protection of telecommunication installations | |||
K.78 | |||
High altitude electromagnetic pulse immunity guide for telecommunication centres | |||
K.79 | |||
Electromagnetic characterization of the radiated environment in the 2.4 GHz ISM band | |||
K.80 | |||
EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (1 GHz - 6 GHz) | |||
K.81 | |||
High-power electromagnetic immunity guide for telecommunication systems | |||
K.82 | |||
Characteristics and ratings of solid-state, self-restoring overcurrent protectors for the protection of telecommunications installations | |||
K.83 | |||
Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels | |||
K.84 | |||
Test methods and guide against information leaks through unintentional electromagnetic emissions | |||
K.85 | |||
Requirements for the mitigation of lightning effects on home networks installed in customer premises | |||
K.86 | |||
Method for measuring longitudinal conversion loss (9 kHz - 30 MHz) | |||
K.87 | |||
Guide for the application of electromagnetic security requirements - Overview | |||
K.88 | |||
EMC requirements for next generation network equipment | |||
K.89 | |||
Protection of persons inside a structure using telecommunication services provided by metallic conductors against lightning - Risk management | |||
K.90 | |||
Evaluation techniques and working procedures for compliance with exposure limits of network operator personnel to power-frequency electromagnetic fields | |||
K.91 | |||
Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields | |||
K.92 | |||
Conducted and radiated electromagnetic environment in home networking | |||
K.93 | |||
Immunity of home network devices to electromagnetic disturbances | |||
K.94 | |||
Mutual disturbance test method for evaluating performance degradation of converged terminal devices | |||
K.95 | |||
Surge parameters of isolating transformers used in telecommunication devices and equipment | |||
K.96 | |||
Surge protective components: Overview of surge mitigation functions and technologies | |||
K.97 | |||
Lightning protection of distributed base stations | |||
K.98 | |||
Overvoltage protection guide for telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises | |||
K.99 | |||
Surge protective component application guide - Gas discharge tubes | |||
K.100 | |||
Measurement of radio frequency electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service | |||
K.101 | |||
Shielding factors for lightning protection | |||
K.102 | |||
Parameters of fixed-voltage thyristor overvoltage protector components used for the protection of telecommunication installations | |||
K.103 | |||
Surge protective component application guide - Silicon PN junction components | |||
K.104 | |||
Method for identifying the transfer potential of the earth potential rise from high or medium voltage networks to the earthing system or neutral of low voltage networks | |||
K.105 | |||
Lightning protection of photovoltaic power supply systems feeding radio base stations | |||
K.106 | |||
Techniques to mitigate interference between radio devices and cable or equipment connected to wired broadband networks and cable television networks | |||
K.107 | |||
Method for determining the impedance to earth of earthing systems | |||
K.108 | |||
Joint use of poles by telecommunication and solidly earthed power lines | |||
K.109 | |||
Installation of telecommunication equipment on utility poles | |||
K.110 | |||
Lightning protection of the dedicated transformer for radio base station | |||
K.111 | |||
Protection of surrounding structures of telecommunication towers against lightning | |||
K.112 | |||
Lightning protection, earthing and bonding: practical procedures for radio base station | |||
K.113 | |||
Generation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) level maps | |||
K.114 | |||
Electromagnetic compatibility requirements and measurement methods for digital cellular mobile communication base station equipment | |||
K.115 | |||
Mitigation methods against electromagnetic security threats | |||
K.116 | |||
EMC requirements and test methods for radio telecommunication terminal equipment | |||
K.Sup1 | |||
ITU-T K.91 - Guide on electromagnetic fields and health | |||
K.Sup2 | |||
ITU-T K.52 - Calculator for equivalent isotropic radiated power as described in Recommendation ITU-T K.52 | |||
K.Sup3 | |||
Additional criteria to protect telecommunication cabling during a power cross event | |||
K.Sup4 | |||
Electromagnetic field (EMF) considerations in smart sustainable cities | |||
==ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series : K.21== | ==ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series : K.21== | ||
ITU-T K.21 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU | ITU-T K.21 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU | ||
Amendment 1 (06/2020) | Amendment 1 (06/2020) | ||
| 第264行： | 第133行： | ||
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents | Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents | ||
==ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series : K.44== | |||
K.44是K.21通信产品进行雷击测试的基础标准，提供雷击测试方法、配件等 | |||
K.44 Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents - Basic Recommendation | |||
==雷击测试 K.21标准与GB 17626.5 差异== | |||
通讯产品在做认证时，常会遇到Surge这项测试， 如K.21通信产品雷击测试与GB 17626.5普通通用产品雷击测试。 | |||
就以10/700us的Surge测试来说，在IEC 61000-4-5和ITU-T K.21有着同样的上升下降雷击波形，但在做测试时，却不能相互取代。其主要的原因是其雷击输出端的不同， | |||
因为是要搭配不同纵向、横向的测试模式，所以会因不同标准而设计不同的测试仪器。再则，IEC 61000-4-5的要求只到4kV surge，ITU-T K.21却常被要求到6kV surge，甚至还有15kV的需求。 | |||
==更多关于K.21雷击请参阅== | |||
https://www.emc.wiki/thread-4209-1-1.html | |||
2020年11月4日 (三) 19:18的最新版本
ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series
- K.1[Withdrawn] Connection to earth of an audio-frequency telephone line in cable Deleted after its content became technically out of date
- K.2[Withdrawn] Protection of repeater power-feeding systems against interference from neighbouring electricity lines Deleted after its content became technically out of date
- K.3 [Withdrawn] Interference caused by audio-frequency signals injected into a power distribution network Deleted after its content became technically out of date
- K.4 [Withdrawn] Disturbance to signalling Deleted after its content became technically out of date
- K.5 Joint use of poles for electricity distribution and for telecommunications
- K.6 Precautions at crossings
- K.7 Protection against acoustic shock
- K.8 Separation in the soil between telecommunication cables and earthing system of power facilities
- K.9 Protection of telecommunication staff and plant against a large earth potential due to a neighbouring electric traction line
- K.10 Low frequency interference due to unbalance about earth of telecommunication equipment
- K.11 Principles of protection against overvoltages and overcurrents
- K.12 Characteristics of gas discharge tubes for the protection of telecommunications installations
- K.13 Induced voltages in cables with plastic-insulated conductors
- K.14 Provision of a metallic screen in plastic-sheathed cables
- K.15 [Withdrawn] Protection of remote-feeding systems and line repeaters against lightning and interference from neighbouring electricity lines
- K.16 [Withdrawn] Simplified calculation method for estimating the effect of magnetic induction from power lines on remote-fed repeaters in coaxial pair telecommunication systems Rec. K.16 was withdrawn because it deals only with calculation methods contained in the "Directives - Volume II: Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases" without giving any limit
- K.17 [Withdrawn] Tests on power-fed repeaters using solid-state devices in order to check the arrangements for protection from external interference
- K.18 Calculation of voltage induced into telecommunication lines from radio station broadcasts and methods of reducing interference
- K.19 Joint use of trenches and tunnels for telecommunication and power cables
- K.20 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a telecommunication centre to overvoltages and overcurrents
- K.21 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents
- K.22 [Withdrawn] Overvoltage resistibility of equipment connected to an ISDN T/S bus
- K.23 Types of induced noise and description of noise voltage parameters for ISDN basic user networks
- K.24 Method for measuring radio-frequency induced noise on telecommunications pairs
- K.25 [Withdrawn] Protection of optical fibre cables This Recommendation was deleted on 2013-01-25 since its requirements have been incoroporated in revised Rec ITU-T K.47 (05/2012)
- K.26 Protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines
- K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building
- K.28 Parameters of thyristor-based surge protective devices for the protection of telecommunication installations
- K.29 Coordinated protection schemes for telecommunication cables below ground
- K.30 [Withdrawn] Self-restoring overcurrent protectors
- K.31 [Withdrawn] Bonding configurations and earthing of telecommunication installations inside a subscriber's building
- ITU-T K.31 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant part of this Recommendation in ITU-T K.73 (2008)
- K.32 [Withdrawn] Immunity requirements and test methods for electrostatic discharge to telecommunication equipment - Generic EMC Recommendation
- The content of this Recommendation has been superseded by ITU-T K.43 (1998) and K.48 (2000)
- K.33 [Withdrawn] Limits for people safety related to coupling into telecommunications system from a.c. electric power and a.c. electrified railway installations in fault conditions ITU-T K.33 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant information contained in this Recommendation into the revised the Directives Volume VI (2008)
- K.34 Classification of electromagnetic environmental conditions for telecommunication equipment - Basic EMC Recommendation
- K.35 Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites
- K.36 Selection of protective devices
- K.37 Low and high frequency EMC mitigation techniques for telecommunication installations and systems - Basic EMC Recommendation
- K.38 Radiated emission test procedure for physically large systems
- K.39 Risk assessment of damages to telecommunication sites due to lightning discharges
- K.40 Protection against LEMP in telecommunications centres
- K.41 [Withdrawn] Resistibility of internal interfaces of telecommunication centres to surge overvoltages
- K.42 Preparation of emission and immunity requirements for telecommunication equipment - General principles
- K.43 Immunity requirements for telecommunication network equipment
- K.44 Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents - Basic Recommendation
- K.Imp44 Implementors' Guide for Recommendation ITU-T K.44
- K.45 Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the access and trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents
- K.46 Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic symmetric conductors against lightning-induced surges
- K.47 Protection of telecommunication lines against direct lightning flashes
- K.48 EMC requirements for telecommunication equipment - Product family Recommendation
- K.49 Test requirements and performance criteria for voice terminal telephones subject to disturbance from digital mobile telecommunications systems
- K.50 Safe limits of operating voltages and currents for telecommunication systems powered over the network
- K.51 Safety criteria for telecommunication equipment
- K.52 Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields
- K.53[Withdrawn] Values of induced voltages on telecommunication installations to establish telecom and a.c. power and railway operators responsibilities ITU-T K.53 was deleted on 2008-08-09 after the incorporation of the relevant information of this Recommendation in ITU-T K.68 (2008)
- K.54 Conducted immunity test method and level at fundamental power frequencies
- El título español fue cambiado por un erratum el 09/08/2002
- K.55 Overvoltage and overcurrent requirements for insulation displacement connectors (IDC) terminations
- K.56 Protection of radio base stations against lightning discharges
- K.57 Protection measures for radio base stations sited on power line towers
- K.58 EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and guidance for determining responsibility under co-located information and communication technology installations
- K.59 EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and procedures for connection to unbundled cables
- K.60 Emission levels and test methods for wireline telecommunication networks to minimize electromagnetic disturbance of radio services
- K.61 Guidance on measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations
- K.62 System level radiated emissions compliance using mathematical modelling
- K.63 Maintaining the suitability of production telecommunications equipment to its intended electromagnetic environment
- K.64 Safe working practices for outside equipment installed in particular environments
- K.65 Overvoltage and overcurrent requirements for termination modules with contacts for test ports or surge protective devices
- K.66 Protection of customer premises from overvoltages
- K.67 Expected surges on telecommunications and signalling networks due to lightning
- K.68 Operator responsibilities in the management of electromagnetic interference by power systems on telecommunication systems
- K.69 Maintenance of protective measures
- K.70 Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations
- K.71 Protection of customer antenna installations
- K.72 Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic conductors against lightning - Risk management
- K.73 Shielding and bonding for cables between buildings
- K.74 Electromagnetic compatibility, resistibility and safety requirements for home network devices
- K.75 Classification of interface for application of standards on resistibility and safety of telecommunication equipment
- K.76 EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (9 kHz-150 kHz)
- K.77 Characteristics of metal oxide varistors for the protection of telecommunication installations
- K.78 High altitude electromagnetic pulse immunity guide for telecommunication centres
- K.79 Electromagnetic characterization of the radiated environment in the 2.4 GHz ISM band
- K.80 EMC requirements for telecommunication network equipment (1 GHz - 6 GHz)
- K.81 High-power electromagnetic immunity guide for telecommunication systems
- K.82 Characteristics and ratings of solid-state, self-restoring overcurrent protectors for the protection of telecommunications installations
- K.83 Monitoring of electromagnetic field levels
- K.84 Test methods and guide against information leaks through unintentional electromagnetic emissions
- K.85 Requirements for the mitigation of lightning effects on home networks installed in customer premises
- K.86 Method for measuring longitudinal conversion loss (9 kHz - 30 MHz)
- K.87 Guide for the application of electromagnetic security requirements - Overview
- K.88 EMC requirements for next generation network equipment
- K.89 Protection of persons inside a structure using telecommunication services provided by metallic conductors against lightning - Risk management
- K.90 Evaluation techniques and working procedures for compliance with exposure limits of network operator personnel to power-frequency electromagnetic fields
- K.91 Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields
- K.92 Conducted and radiated electromagnetic environment in home networking
- K.93 Immunity of home network devices to electromagnetic disturbances
- K.94 Mutual disturbance test method for evaluating performance degradation of converged terminal devices
- K.95 Surge parameters of isolating transformers used in telecommunication devices and equipment
- K.96 Surge protective components: Overview of surge mitigation functions and technologies
- K.97 Lightning protection of distributed base stations
- K.98 Overvoltage protection guide for telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises
- K.99 Surge protective component application guide - Gas discharge tubes
- K.100 Measurement of radio frequency electromagnetic fields to determine compliance with human exposure limits when a base station is put into service
- K.101 Shielding factors for lightning protection
- K.102 Parameters of fixed-voltage thyristor overvoltage protector components used for the protection of telecommunication installations
- K.103 Surge protective component application guide - Silicon PN junction components
- K.104 Method for identifying the transfer potential of the earth potential rise from high or medium voltage networks to the earthing system or neutral of low voltage networks
- K.105 Lightning protection of photovoltaic power supply systems feeding radio base stations
- K.106 Techniques to mitigate interference between radio devices and cable or equipment connected to wired broadband networks and cable television networks
- K.107 Method for determining the impedance to earth of earthing systems
- K.108 Joint use of poles by telecommunication and solidly earthed power lines
- K.109 Installation of telecommunication equipment on utility poles
- K.110 Lightning protection of the dedicated transformer for radio base station
- K.111 Protection of surrounding structures of telecommunication towers against lightning
- K.112 Lightning protection, earthing and bonding: practical procedures for radio base station
- K.113 Generation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) level maps
- K.114 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements and measurement methods for digital cellular mobile communication base station equipment
- K.115 Mitigation methods against electromagnetic security threats
- K.116 EMC requirements and test methods for radio telecommunication terminal equipment
- K.Sup1 ITU-T K.91 - Guide on electromagnetic fields and health
- K.Sup2 ITU-T K.52 - Calculator for equivalent isotropic radiated power as described in Recommendation ITU-T K.52
- K.Sup3 Additional criteria to protect telecommunication cabling during a power cross event
- K.Sup4 Electromagnetic field (EMF) considerations in smart sustainable cities
ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series : K.21
ITU-T K.21 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Amendment 1 (06/2020)
SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T : Publications : Recommendations : K Series : K.44
K.44是K.21通信产品进行雷击测试的基础标准，提供雷击测试方法、配件等
K.44 Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents - Basic Recommendation
雷击测试 K.21标准与GB 17626.5 差异
通讯产品在做认证时，常会遇到Surge这项测试， 如K.21通信产品雷击测试与GB 17626.5普通通用产品雷击测试。
就以10/700us的Surge测试来说，在IEC 61000-4-5和ITU-T K.21有着同样的上升下降雷击波形，但在做测试时，却不能相互取代。其主要的原因是其雷击输出端的不同，
因为是要搭配不同纵向、横向的测试模式，所以会因不同标准而设计不同的测试仪器。再则，IEC 61000-4-5的要求只到4kV surge，ITU-T K.21却常被要求到6kV surge，甚至还有15kV的需求。
